Administration Technique of Eye Medications and Disposal Practices Among Patients in Karachi: A cross-sectional Analytical Study
Keywords:
Medication, Administration technique, pharmacology, disposal techniques, patient educationAbstract
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the administration technique of eye medications and disposal practices among ophthalmic patients in Karachi, also to identify determinants associated with correct usage.
Methods:
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2025 at the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SMBBIT, and a private eye clinic in Karachi. A convenience sample of adult patients (≥18 years) using ophthalmic medications for at least one week was enrolled. Data were collected using an interview-based questionnaire and direct observation of instillation technique. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic and clinical variables, while t-tests and logistic regression identified determinants of correct technique.
Result:
A total of 354 patients were taken of age 53.8 ± 17.4; 54.8% were female. Only 21.4% performed hand hygiene before instillation, 71.5% instilled a single drop, and 18.6% practiced nasolacrimal occlusion. The mean technique score was 4.0/7. Female sex, literacy, prior ocular surgery, and receiving professional instruction were significantly associated with higher technique scores (p<0.05). Disposal practices were suboptimal: 76.1% discarded drops in household garbage, while <5% returned them to pharmacies.
Conclusion:
Patients in Karachi demonstrated suboptimal administration, unsafe disposal of ophthalmic medications,structured education and improved disposal guidance are urgently required to enhance therapeutic outcomes and reduce environmental risks.
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